Mortality trend on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Liaoning province, 1984-2010 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To evaluate the mortality trend or chromc obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) among residents in Liaoning province during the period of 1984-2010.Methods The cut-points were ascertained by Monte Carlo Permutation test in COPD mortality trend lines of Poisson regression with Joinpoint Regression Program.The annual percent changes (APC) before and after the cut-points and the average annual percent change(AAPC) of COPD mortality were examined during the period.Results Significant declining trends on COPD mortality among the urban population during 1984-2010 and that of rural population during 1999-2009 were found.The standardized urban COPD mortality rate by Chinese population declined from 243.93 per 100thousand in 1984 to 33.13 per 100 thousand in 2010.The urban 26 years AAPC was -5.8％.While the mortality in the rural population decreased from 251.33 per 100 thousand in 1999 to 102.25 per 100 thousand in 2009 in the same population.The rural 10 years' AAPC was-6.8％.The total trend of COPD mortality reduction was mainly resulted from the fast decline of bronchitis mortality.The AAPC of COPD mortality of the urban population was-9.0％ and greater than that of the rural population (-6.8％) from 1999 to 2009.The urban population had a lower COPD mortality than that of the rural population.In urban area,males had a higher COPD mortality than females,however,in the rural area,males had a lower COPD mortality than the females.Conclusion The COPD mortality among the residents of Liaoning province declined significantly from 1984 to 2010.Further studies are needed to confirm the viewpoint of WHO that the prevalence of COPD would have a continuous increasing trend in China.

Decomposition of life expectancy at birth by age and causes of death among residents of Liaoning province,1975-2005 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To analyze the impact of mortality by age and causes of death on life expectancy at birth among residents of Liaoning province.Methods The study included mortality data of urban and rural residents in two periods (1973-1975 and 2004-2005).Both Abridged Life Table and Arriaga method were used to calculate and to decompose life expectancy changes by age and causes of death.Results From 1975-2005,the life expectancy increased by 4.68 years in urban residents and 4.91 for rural residents with a higher increment among females than males.Most part of the increase (76.27% and 82.81% for urban and rural male,58.76% and 62.13% for urban and rural female) in life expectancy within the last 30 years could be explained by the decrease of mortality in the populations at age 0-4 and 55-74.Diseases related to respiratory system and infectious disease were contributing the most to the gap in life expectancy between the two periods.Mortality of heart disease was a negative contributor to the changes in life expectancy among both rural and urban residents while the mortalities of cerebro-vascular diseases and malignant tumors were the negative contributors for rural residents.Conclusion The increase of life expectancy in the last 30 years was mainly resulted from the decrease of mortality on both respiratory and infectious diseases.Control of chronic diseases is the key point to increase the life expectancy among the residents of Liaoning province.

Advances in diabetic erectile dysfunction / 中华男科学杂志

Erectile dysfunction is common complication of diabetes mellitus. The incidence of diabetes mellitus induced erectile dysfunction (DMED) is 20% - 75%. DMED appears to be due to vascular-neuropathic and corpus cavernosum smooth muscular damage. To control blood glucose, blood pressure and blood lipids is the basis of DMED therapy. In 50% of the patients with DMED, the phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors is effective, while intracavernous pharmacotherapy is effective for more than 90%. Penile prosthesis implantation continues to be the treatment of choice in case of other therapy failure.

Three-piece inflatable penile prosthesis implantation for the treatment of penile erectile dysfunction / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>To introduce the method and experience of three-piece inflatable penile prosthesis for treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Both AMS700CX/CXM and MENTOR ALPHA I three-piece inflatable prosthesis were used for 48 cases of ED.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were no rejection, mechanical problems, urethral injury and penile skin necrosis after surgery. All patients had satisfaction of sexual life. Only one case had trauma of tunica albuginea (2.08%) and the implantation had to be cancelled. There were 2 cases of post-operative infection (4.17%), 10 cases of prepuce edema(20.8%), 8 cases of penile pain(16.67%). The effective rate was 97.9% and satisfaction rate was almost 100%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Three-piece inflatable penile prosthesis was more compatible to human physiology. It is natural, easy to hide and use, and it caused little trauma in surgery with high rate of successful implantation and patient satisfaction. It was indicated for all kinds of ED, especially suitable for refractory and drug incurable ED patients.</p>

Microsurgical inguinal varicocelectomy with delivery of testis / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>To investigate the effect of microsurgical inguinal varicocelectomy with delivery of testis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We use microsurgical inguinal varicocelectomy with delivery of testis to treat 48 patients with varicocele.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After six months the 30 patients' sperm concentration and motility were significantly improved. 6 infertile patient's wives were pregnant. All patients did not have the complications such as recurrence, testis trophy and hydrocele.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>This method has advantages such as less recurrence, less complication and more effective.</p>